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Development History of Electronic Components 2

Release time:

2022-09-23 14:37

In 1906, the American DeForest invented the vacuum triode to amplify the sound current of the telephone. Since then, it has been strongly expected that a solid-state device will be born as a light-weight, inexpensive and long-life amplifier and electronic switch. In 1947, the birth of the point-contact germanium transistor turned a new page in the development history of electronic devices. However, such a point-contact transistor has an Achilles' heel that the contact point is unstable in its structure. At the same time as the successful development of point-contact transistors, the theory of junction transistors has been proposed, but until people can prepare ultra-high-purity single crystals and can arbitrarily control the conductivity type of the crystals, junction transistors really appear. In 1950, the earliest germanium alloy transistor with useful value was born. In 1954, the junction silicon transistor was born. Since then, the concept of field effect transistors has been proposed. With the emergence and development of material technology such as defect-free crystallization and defect control, crystal growth technology and diffusion doping technology, preparation technology of pressure-resistant oxide film, corrosion and lithography technology, various electronic devices with excellent performance have appeared one after another. , Electronic components have gradually entered the era of transistors and large-scale, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits from the vacuum tube era. Gradually form the semiconductor industry as a representative of high-tech industries.
Due to the needs of social development, electronic devices become more and more complex, which requires electronic devices to have the characteristics of reliability, high speed, low power consumption, light weight, miniaturization, and low cost. Since the idea of integrated circuits was proposed in the 1950s, the first generation of integrated circuits was successfully developed in the 1960s due to the advancement of comprehensive technologies such as material technology, device technology and circuit design. in the history of semiconductor development. The emergence of the integrated circuit is of epoch-making significance: its birth and development have promoted the progress of copper core technology and computers, and brought historic changes in various fields of scientific research and the structure of industrial society. Integrated circuits invented by superior science and technology have enabled researchers to have more advanced tools, which in turn have led to many more advanced technologies. These advanced technologies have further contributed to the emergence of higher performance, cheaper integrated circuits. For electronic devices, the smaller the volume, the higher the integration; the shorter the response time, the faster the calculation and processing speed; the higher the transmission frequency, the greater the amount of information transmitted. The semiconductor industry and semiconductor technology are called the foundation of modern industry, and have also developed into a relatively independent high-tech industry.

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